The upheaval and lateral buckling are two possible global buckling modes in long pipelines while the propagation buckling is a local mode that can quickly propagate and damage a long segment of a pipeline in deep water.
They originate from ∼01 h LT and quickly propagate roughly along a great circle toward ∼8 h LT, with the head of the surge travelling at a mean speed of ∼4.1 km s−1in the ionosphere, i.e., corresponding to ∼330% of rigid corotation (note that the mean angle of the burst propagation to the zonal direction is ∼5°) at 7° colatitude.
In a methane explosion event, the explosion propagation can quickly reach supersonic and thus generates shock wave.
In the case of f is less than cut-off frequency, the radio wave is quickly attenuated along the propagation distance (Wood 2004).
Though SIC of a small number of layers should be feasible in practice2, the complexity and likelihood of error propagation becomes quickly significant for a large number of users.
If the circular front had not broken open at all, the control would have made the threshold value very large and the solution would have collapsed very quickly because of the propagation boundary ∂P, such that the ED and the TAA would have been short, whereas the MIA would have been large.
Yet standard error propagation can quickly become infeasible for large, multipart models.
During the course of LDL oxidation, the lag phase is quickly followed by the propagation phase of rapid LDL oxidation, when lipid peroxides are formed.
The demographic processes that lead to species endangerment, as well as many management activities (e.g., stocking of nonindigenous fish, artificial propagation), can quickly alter the genetic and phenotypic attributes of wild populations (Reisenbichler and Rubin 1999; Stockwell et al. 2003; Blanchet et al. 2008).
In this article, a different approach is used: the already deployed nodes in this study are utilized to quickly and automatically characterize the propagation constants (slope and intercept) of the medium.
