Questions on the intake of dietary supplements are added.
For the women recruited in Scotland during the pilot phase of the study, and the first 1300 men and women recruited through the general practices, these dietary categorisation questions were not asked, and diet group was assigned according to their responses to questions on the intake of meat, fish, dairy products, and eggs provided in the food frequency questionnaire.
Two models were used: in model 1, the covariates were age, sex, alcohol consumption (continuous covariate), smoking (yes/no), physical activity (three classes used as a continuous covariate), fat intake (from the questions on the consumption of meat, fish, pork products, fried foods, butter, cheese, and other dairy products); in model 2, the same covariates as well as BMI as a covariate.
Participants indicated consumption of main food groups in times per day, per week, per month, per year, or as never, combined with questions on the relative intakes of foods within food groups (seldom/never, sometimes, often, mostly/always).
However, we were able to identify part of the women who consumed alcohol in early pregnancy, although not in the week prior to the interview, by means of retrospective questions on alcohol intake from the postpartum survey.
The questions on alcohol intake covered six different types of liquor: sake, shochu, beer, light beer, wine and hard liquor.
8 Because of the way questions on alcohol intake were asked, we could not determine the number of alcoholic drinks per week in two studies.
They were asked specific questions on vegetable intake, including identifying the individual vegetables in dishes.
No reliable translation into specific macro- and micronutrients has been possible, but in the summary questions on overall intake of all vegetables and fruit, ICC cases did report a significantly lower intake than control women, in agreement with findings of some previous reports (La Vecchia et al, 1988; Herrero et al, 1991).
33 In this analysis, 61,566 British men and women were separated into three dietary pattern groups on the basis of 4 questions on an intake questionnaire.
Nutritional status is assessed by the Mini Nutritional Assessment, which consists of 6 questions on food intake and weight loss in the last 3 months, mobility, psychological stress or acute illness in the last 3 months, neuropsychological problems, and body mass index or calf circumference.
