In a randomised study on the two translation approaches applied to the Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life (RAQoL) for Sweden none of the translated questionnaires was preferred by bilinguals [ 40].
This study does not aim to propose which of the questionnaires are preferred.
Between October 2011 and early January 2012, 2111 paper questionnaires were also made available to centres for use where paper completion was preferred (numbers of questionnaires distributed within the individual countries were not recorded).
A printed-paper format was preferred for the questionnaire, which was distributed to university attending three different courses: law, medicine and professional nursing.
The MPSS was preferred over other measures such as the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges because of its superiority in predicting treatment outcomes [ 43, 44].
The questionnaire was translated into three languages; the English version was administered with most countries, except where the French or Spanish version was preferred.
"Limb" was preferred to "leg".
Histology was preferred above cytology.
The senior consultants interviewed were very clear that for them a short more open questionnaire would be preferred.
However, if the use of reversely keyed items is preferred in a questionnaire, one could elaborate the instructions for the reader and draw the participant's attention to negatively and positively stated items.
