AD, Alzheimer's disease; aMCI, amnestic mild cognitive impairment; AQ, Alzheimer's Questionnaire; CI, confidence interval; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating; CN, cognitively normal; FAQ, Functional Activities Questionnaire; FAST, Functional Assessment Staging Test; GDS, Global Deterioration Score MMSEE, Mini Mental State Exam; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment.
A number of alternative scenarios were also examined to explore the estimated impact of using different screening tools, such as the full AUDIT questionnaire, FAST, which has been recommended for use in primary care [ 42], or combinations of several tools (e.g. full AUDIT with an AUDIT-C pre-screen).
LBM: Lean body mass; Wt: Weight & Ht: Height; Waist & Hip: Girths; QOL: Quality of Life; TMill: Treadmill Sub-max Vo2 test; Accel: 7-day accelerometer; DHQ: Dietary Habits Questionnaire; CRP: Fasting high sensitivity C-reactive protein; LCn-3: Fasting erythrocyte fatty acid analysis; Push up: 60-second push up test; Squat: 60-second squat test.
In addition, diabetes cases at the baseline examination of MDC-CC were obtained by self-report of a physician diagnosis or use of diabetes medication according to a baseline questionnaire, or fasting whole blood glucose of ≥6.1 mmol/L (corresponding to fasting plasma glucose concentration of ≥7.0 mmol/L).
Specially designed questionnaire allowed fast data collection.
Scoring the questionnaire is fast and straightforward: each question marked is scored one point, and so the accumulated points range from zero (no incapacity caused by low back pain) to 24 (maximum possible incapacity) [ 32].
In addition, DM at the baseline examination of MDC was obtained by self-report of a physician diagnosis or use of DM medication according to a questionnaire, or fasting whole blood glucose (which, as described above, was only available in the MDC-CC) of ≥6.1 mmol/l, corresponding to fasting plasma glucose concentration of ≥7.0 mmol/l.
Furthermore, a diabetes diagnosis could be captured at the MDC-CC reinvestigation by self-report of a physician diagnosis or use of diabetes medication according to a questionnaire or fasting plasma glucose of ≥7.0 mmol/L or a 120-minute value post oral glucose tolerance test plasma glucose >11.0 mmol/L.
Furthermore, a DM diagnosis could be captured at the MDC-CC re-investigation by self-report of a physician diagnosis or use of DM medication according to a questionnaire or fasting plasma glucose of ≥7.0 mmol/l or a 120-min value post OGTT plasma glucose >11.0 mmol/l.
Participants returned to their local site facility annually for interviewer- and self-administered questionnaires, a fasting blood draw and reassessments of physical measures.
