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The process was led by TJS and LJS who, with help from Dr Tarun Dua, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, conceived the first draft, suggested the areas of enquiry, proposed the question structure and phrasing and established a design template.
Two alternative versions (A and B) of the questionnaire, differing in question structure and length, were used to collect information.
Problems with question structure and flow, use of prompts, probes, 'directiveness' and non verbal feedback can usually be addressed through pilot testing and careful interviewing technique [ 7, 8].
Another limitation is that is using existing questionnaires in their native formats means that there are numerous factors that vary across questionnaires number of categories, category labels, question structure and question wording.
Agreement was reached regarding inclusion/exclusion criteria; a conceptual framework of domains; translation of the original template items into an online survey format; reviews of survey draft iterations until final consensus of item inclusion, question structure and analysis processes.
Students were given multiple opportunities to answer each question (between two and six attempts, depending on question structure) and were allowed to access hints and immediate correct/incorrect answer feedback.
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Goldman's shares tumbled, dragging down stockmarkets.The instrument in question, structured and marketed by Goldman, was a synthetic collateralised debt obligation (CDO), whose performance was tied to that of residential mortgage-backed securities.
Professional education and roles of provider groups may differ between the source and target countries: some provider groups might not exist in one country, professional terms might be used differently, etc. Squires et al. [ 61] (p. 265) note that "subtle differences in the conceptual meaning of words can often create completely different survey question structures and alter language use".
Our objective is to describe the research questions, structure and contents of the urban longitudinal cohort recruited in 2000/2001 and its 9-year follow-up.
Similarly, Willis et al have divided such problems into six categories; interviewer difficulty, question wording, question structure, recall and judgment, response selection, and other problems.
Active-learning activities can take many forms, including brainstorming, think pair share, concept mapping, conceptual clicker questions, structured and unstructured problems, or case studies (see Handelsman et al., 2007; Allen and Tanner, 2009).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com