While some studies have addressed the impact of retrieval practice on students' ability to answer questions requiring inference, and one study has examined the effects of retrieval practice on students' ability to construct concept maps, these experiments involved relatively limited assessments of learning outcomes (Butler, 2010; Karpicke and Blunt, 2011; Smith and Karpicke, 2014).
This was true for both questions that were directly taken from information in the texts and questions that required inference from the text.
Previously the company showed how its system can feed on different sentences and figure out how to answer some fairly sophisticated questions that require inference.
For example, the studies by Karpicke and Blunt (2011) and Smith and Karpicke (2014) described earlier determined the effects of testing on students' recall of specific facts from reading passages and on their ability to answer questions that required inference.
Students then returned a week later for a short-answer test consisting of questions that could be answered verbatim from the text and questions that required inferences from the text.
For example, "What do chloroplasts enable plant cells to do?" can be simply answered as "photosynthesis," whereas behavior-2 questions were defined such that their answers always required inference.
These questions were recently addressed using surrogate methods, those that do not require inference of phylogenetic trees, such as the analysis of BLAST scores.
Two questions were "reality" questions that did not require inferences about mental states but rather merely the detection of facts from the story that were visually comprehendible.
The answer to such a question requires demographic information or demographic inferences that are often beyond the resolution of the archeological record.
Each of them was followed by one up to three supply questions requiring the students to make inferences (3 items), to guess the meaning of words/phrases from context (2 items), to identify the word/pronoun references (2 items), and to paraphrase the underlined expressions or phrases (1 item).
The question requires serious thought.
