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The following are the comments for each question component for MQs.
The general structure of word problems is centered on three components: (a) a setup component, which provides the content (for instance, the place or story problem); (b) an information component, which provides data from which to derive a mathematical model; and (c) a question component, which is the main task directed to the solver (Gerofsky 2004).
The discussion question component of the assignments was based on assigned readings from the course textbook (Simpson, 2010) and covered the terminology and concepts related to the skills of constructing and interpreting phylogenetic trees.
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The retrieved reading passage and a lexical dictionary are utilised to generate the remaining question components (Susanti et al. 2015).
According to Susanti et al. (2016), the word difficulty of the question components contributes to the difficulty of question items by up to 60%.
Unlike these past attempts, the automatic question generation system used in this work utilises Web texts from the Internet as well as information from WordNet to generate the question components (Susanti et al. 2015).
This study shows that item difficulty can indeed be controlled intrinsically by controlling the question components, thus suggesting the possibility of generating items automatically on-the-fly during the administration of a computerised adaptive test.
Their study revealed that (1) the word difficulty level of the question components contributed up to 60% of the item difficulty and (2) distractors had the greatest impact on item difficulty.
In this study, we propose a method that controls the item difficulty using three predetermined factors related to the question components: (1) reading passage difficulty (RPD), (2) semantic similarity between the correct answer and distractors (SIM), and (3) distractor word difficulty level (DWD).
Hence, the aim of the present study is to control item difficulty intrinsically, i.e. control the item difficulty through the characteristics of the question components (reading passage, correct answer, and distractor, as illustrated in Fig. 1) during the item generation process.
Thus, the question components of the items were the same for all three tests, but the response options for each item differed.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com