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The pressure and temperature condition of partial melting based on the quenched texture observation of the recovered sample (Fig. 2) is shown as a gray circle.
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The January 19 pumice has water-quench texture.
The dendritic quench texture of the recovered sample in this figure, which shows clear evidence for melting of the run product, is consistent with the melting curve determined by in situ X-ray diffraction experiments.
At 2620 K, the sample OS3099-Mg90 had a quenched melt with quench textures surrounded by bridgmanite, which is interpreted as the liquidus phase, at the side part of the capsule (Fig. 4).
Again, quench textures do not unequivocally indicate how many liquids occurred at run conditions and the determination of the composition of such liquids is hampered by the size of quench products.
This criterion for determination of melting was also used by Terasaki et al. (2011), and melting was also confirmed by the observation of the quench textures of dendrite in the recovered samples after quenching at high pressure and temperature.
2) The January 19 , 2011eruption can be classed as phreatomagmatic, based on a) the obvious appearance of juvenile material (8 vol% pumice) with water-quench textures, and b) the fineness of the ash.
The 2D images of the same diffraction profiles are given in (Additional file 1: Figure S1(b)) Fig. 2 Back scattered electron (BSE) image of the quench textures of the melting experiment.
But, the presence of juvenile pumice with water-quenched texture (Subsection 6.1) indicates involvement of external water.
Both quenched melts exhibited textures similar to that of metal casting: fine grains attached to the mold wall; columnar grains arranged closely in parallel with the direction of cooling heat flow; and granular grains accumulated at the center.
Nevertheless it showed thread-like texture when quenched below crystallization temperature.
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