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The solutions to the Schrödinger equation are catalogued in terms of certain quantum numbers of the particular electron state.
The quantum numbers of the third electron are then n = 2, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = ±1/2.
The electrons occupy a series of electron shells (numbered shell 1, shell 2, and so on).
Note that orbital sets are numbered by electron shell, but ordered in terms of energy.
Electronic states are described by a series of quantum numbers that specify the orbital each electron is in and the intrinsic "spin" of each electron.
The atoms of nonmetals generally are small and contain relatively large numbers of electrons in their outermost shells.
The quantum number n labels the shell of the atom.
The outermost shell of electrons called the valence shell determines the chemical behaviour of an atom, and the number of electrons in this shell depends on how many are left over after all the interior shells are filled.
Now that you know your element's electron shells, finding the valence electrons is easy: just use the number of electrons in the outermost shell.
Find the number of electrons in the outermost shell.
In any atom, no two electrons have the same set of quantum numbers.
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