The product nL is the quantity referred to as 'optical thickness' (OT).
All these effects and the related equivalent static forces may be evaluated through one non-dimensional quantity referred to as the 3-D GEF, whose expression was found in closed form.
It derives the most relevant effects associated with the three-dimensional (3-D) wind-excited response of this structural type and shows that a suitable definition of one non-dimensional quantity, referred to as the 3-D gust effect factor, provides such effects at any level through a wide set of experimental, numerical and analytical procedures.
Critics may have used the term "N > 2," he explained, with N (a signifier for an unknown quantity) referring to Xi's possible terms in office. .
The other deformation characteristic is a vector quantity referred to as 'deformation anisotropy' – in other words, directionally biased local deformation of tissue (Fig. 1B).
In related works, σ was automatically scanned for by minimizing a quantity referred to as distortion [ 12, 31], an objective function that assesses the quality of the clustering.
Over the last few decades, research has suggested that a logarithmic mental number line is also consistent with the estimation of observed numerical quantity (referred to as the numerosity).
For example, Highnam and colleagues [ 39, 40] have chosen to create a physics model of the complete image forming system, including the X-ray source, X-ray scattering and scatter removal and the image receptor, and have calculated a quantity referred to as hint, the thickness of "interesting" (that is, fibroglandular) tissue.
If the beer has not been carbonated naturally during secondary fermentation, or needs additional carbonation, use a carbonating stone to add a desired quantity (referred to as volumes) of carbon dioxide to the beer.
