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Studies on how education shapes adult health have largely conceptualized education as the quantity of schooling attained, coined the "vertical dimension" of education.
Until now, research has been inconclusive about the cognitive impacts of higher education and whether the quantity of schooling can influence the acquisition and maintenance of cognitive skills over time.
In Uttar Pradesh, a state in India, 41% of children could not read a single paragraph, but only 21% of parents think their offspring cannot read.Uganda's explosive increases in the quantity of schooling came at the expense of an implosion in quality.
"Quantity of schooling alone is misleading", it is important to account for quality too (Behrman and Birdsall, 1983).
This approach assumes that having more years of education is better and uses the "quantity" of schooling rather than the "type" of education to identify the mismatch.
The authors, Professor Eric Hanushek of Stanford University and Professor Ludger Woessmann of the University of Munich, showed that a country's economic growth has more to do with the quality than quantity of schooling.
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Though the mechanism for these findings is not certain, our results suggest that efforts to increase the quantity of school latrines may pose a risk to children in absence of actual hygiene behavior change, daily provision of soap and water prior to children's arrival at school, and provision of anal cleansing materials to prevent hand contamination.
Effects of obesity and overweight on educational attainment – both quantity and quality of schooling – also represent a potential economic impact, one that may become increasingly significant as rates of childhood and adolescent obesity climb.
While the 200-mesh 5-mm twine codend retained commercial quantities of school whiting, it seems far from optimal.
Everything must be on the table: from teacher tenure to the sources and quantities of school funding (locally and nationally).
For example, Coulombe, Tremblay, and Marchand (2004) and Hanushek and Woessman (2008) conclude that cognitive skills (which are related to both the quantity and the quality of schooling) are a much better predictor of economic growth than mere school attainment.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com