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The technique uses the quantity of released light to calculate when a grain of sand or other crystalline material was last exposed to sunlight and therefore how long it has been buried for.
This conclusion also implies that the Ag NP-induced toxicity, which largely depends on the particle surface properties, diameter, and exposure time [150], can mainly be explained by the quantity of released ions [sensu 151, 152].
Wataha et al. [15] also reported that although NiTi wires have a high percentage of nickel, the quantity of released nickel ions is smaller than that released from SS wire.
How this is performed determines the quantity of released contaminants, the particle size distribution of cell debris and the physical properties of the resultant process stream, which all impact on the performance of the downstream operations.
For example, it is estimated that the embodied energy (defined as the total energy required to produce and install a material during all stages of the life cycle) and the embodied carbon (defined as the quantity of released CO2 during a material's life cycle) of limestone aggregates are 250 MJ t−1 and 12 kg t−1, respectively (Calkins 2009).
The quantity of released iron was measured kinetically by monitoring the absorbance of the Fe(II -Ferrozine complex at 570 nm.
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The ratio of the average quantities of released benzene and toluene (R) was determined for the fibres stored over the 12 months.
In regard to peripheral nerve regeneration, the release kinetics of the selected delivery system is important particularly with reference to the phenomenon of initial burst release, the quantity of NTFs released, and the pattern of its sustained release thereafter.
To explore this concept, crosslinked chitosan microspheres loaded with initial NGF doses of 5 and 10 ng/mg microsphere were studied in vitro over 60 days for differences in release kinetics and quantity of NGF released [ 111].
The ability of a scaffold-based delivery system to release therapeutically adequate quantities of NTFs and other bioactives is generally influenced by the type of materials used to fabricate the delivery system and the mechanisms that govern the release of NTFs and bioactives to the target tissue as this determines the rate and the quantity of release of the incorporated bioactives.
In cardiomyocytes, the quantity of Ca2+ released by the SR depends on the amplitude of ICa, the trigger for release, and the SR Ca2+ load (5, 24).
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