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Chemists ordinarily work with weighable quantities of elements and compounds.
There is, for example, a clear tendency for very old stars to have smaller quantities of elements heavier than helium than do younger stars.
Although conventional methods of chemical analysis are used today to detect and estimate quantities of elements in ores and minerals, they are slow and not sufficiently accurate, particularly at low concentrations, to be entirely suitable for process control.
Bioactive glasses can be doped with trace quantities of elements such as Cu, Zn and Sr, which are known to be beneficial for healthy bone growth.
As raw data obtained from electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) come in the form of relative quantities of elements, the aim of the processing is to obtain the absolute variation of the specimen's chemical composition in the degraded zone and consequently to allow a better understanding of the degradation mechanisms by the aggressive environment under consideration.
Since the Pleistocene, substantial quantities of elements, both nutritional and toxic, that were involved in ore forming processes, have been remobilised and redistributed by surficial processes of intense tropical weathering, leaching, eluviation, podsolisation and gleying; and more recently, by mining and related processes, as well as by other urban and industrial activities.
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The quantity of elements heavier than helium is not known precisely, but the proportions are assumed to match the primordial abundances from the formation of the Solar System.
Thus, to obtain greater representativeness of the majority class, the quantity of clusters was considered equal to the quantity of elements of the minority class (SizeMI).
In some cases, standards are available that contain known quantities of the element or elements of interest, but in other cases elements with nearby fluorescence lines have been used.
Although this method was not optimal for quantitative analyses of these elements, using a standardized method enabled us to compare the relative quantities of these elements in the soils of the two forest types.
Transuranic elements have radioactive lifetimes shorter than the current age of the Earth and thus identifiable quantities of these elements have long since decayed, with the exception of traces of plutonium-244 possibly deposited by cosmic dust.
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