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The peak area was used as quantitative standardization.
Different quantitative standardization methods provide options that balance precision, sensitivity, and assay cost.
Furthermore, the finding of constant and variable quantification differences among PCR assays currently used at the participating centers compared with the CAP/CTM CMV test underscores the challenges in achieving a general quantitative standardization.
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However, to effectively translate candidate biomarkers studies into the clinical setting, crucial factors have to be regarded (e.g., sensitivity and specificity of detection, ability to carry out quantitative measurements, standardization of sample collection, validation of the biomarker assay, clinical qualification of the biomarker, etc).
In this paper, we report our experience using traceable 68Ge/68Ga sources that are specifically optimized for the gamma counter, with the aim of improving quantitative accuracy and standardization.
Measurements such as those presented in Figure 1 provide a quantitative benchmark for standardization and comparison of different studies; however their power to inform on underlying biological processes is limited as they only provide end-point information on the mean response of a population of cells.
Finally, visual EEG analysis is time-consuming, operator-dependent, non-quantitative, and lacks standardization.
For the EDS semi-quantitative results no standardization has been performed.
Standardization of quantitative HIV-1 tests to a global primary standard is required by regulatory authorities to ensure comparability of test results across different assays and platforms of different manufacturers.
Each sample was tested in triplicate with quantitative PCR and, for standardization of gene expression levels, mRNA ratios relative to the house-keeping gene GAPDH were calculated.
It must also take into account the state of health and the lifestyle of the patient when the tests were performed, since the standardization of quantitative evidence of strength is important.
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