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The model was improved by assuming a spin-up of the grain caused by the ejection of molecular hydrogen from the grain surface (the "pinwheel mechanism", Purcell, 1979), however quantitative inconsistencies remained between the improved model and observed interstellar conditions (e.g. Lazarian and Draine, 1999).
Recent studies have noted myriad qualitative and quantitative inconsistencies between the medieval Black Death (and subsequent "plagues") and modern empirical Y. pestis plague data, most of which is derived from the Indian and Chinese plague outbreaks of A.D. 1900±15 years.
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These thresholds were a p value for the Q statistic less than 0.10 (which would mean quantitative inconsistency) and I2 < 50% (which would also mean quantitative inconsistency).
In Response: Commenting on our recent demonstration that the human body louse was a likely vector of Black Death (the medieval European plague epidemics) (1 ), Welford and Bossak (2 ) point out that quantitative and qualitative inconsistencies in data for Black Death and modern plague argue against concluding that Yersinia pestis is the etiologic agent of Black Death (3 ).
We also calculated the I statistic, a quantitative measure of inconsistency across studies (25).
The I-square value, a quantitative measurement of inconsistency across different studies [ 32], was also calculated.
The I-square (I) statistic, a quantitative measure of inconsistency across studies, was used to assess heterogeneity.
Heterogeneity across studies was tested by using the I2 statistic, which was a quantitative measure of inconsistency across studies.
In light of the results here obtained it seems that it rather produces a considerable inconsistency both quantitative and qualitative in the results.
Case study suggests that impacts of large wind farms on steady state security are inconsistent and a quantitative assessment can suggest the level of inconsistency.
Due to the inconsistency of obtaining quantitative cultures it was not possible to determine infection vs. colonization, however 32/37 866%) of all patients who died had a positive isolate recovered from the respiratory tract.
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