While it is challenging to quantify gains such as those derived from reduced chronic disease in adulthood, we do have some understanding of how undernutrition in early life affects attained height, cognitive skills in adulthood, income and poverty.
Such an approach then uses PD calculations (see the section on Option Value and Hierarchy of Variation) to quantify gains and losses in biodiversity, without counting changes in species numbers.
We not only evaluated student satisfaction, but also tried to quantify gain in skills and knowledge at both a group and at an individual level.
"While targeting multiple training camps and rat lines have yielded short-term gains, the resilience of the HQN in the area has made quantifying these gains difficult," a second NATO official said in an e-mail, using the abbreviation for the Haqqanis.
This paper concentrates specifically on soft biometrics as opposed to extended attributes, and presents the results from three experiments quantifying performance gains on a difficult face recognition task when standard face recognition algorithms are augmented using soft biometrics.
This paper documents how students can explore Design for Environment strategies in a project based learning environment, verifying and quantifying environmental gains throughout the design process from concept to detailed design proposal.
Quantifying the gain of support with a virtual root by simulations and real-life tests.
The phase-encoded paradigm is less sensitive than a simple event-related or block paradigm would be for quantifying response gain but we found that sensitivity was nonetheless adequate and so we decided against performing new experiments.
In addition, to better quantify the gains achieved by each SCP (s) model, the values of the variance reduction coefficients R σ, R ϕ and R τ defined in Eq. 2 are presented in Fig. 6.
We chose to quantify learning gains using estimated marginal means rather than normalized learning gains, as the latter misrepresent or exaggerate gains when students are at extreme ends of the achievement spectrum in their pretest performance (Weber, 2009; Andrews et al., 2011).
We quantified both gains and losses of woody vegetation with a notable net gain of 6.7% of the study area.
