A public transport accessibility index (PTAI) is formulated for quantifying accessibility within local areas in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia.
In riverine Amazonia the significance of physical accessibility for biodiversity, land use patterns and economic livelihoods is widely acknowledged, but attempts to quantify accessibility in practice have been few in number.
However, current methods of quantifying accessibility do not elucidate mechanisms for increased accessibility due to changes in microstructure following pretreatment.
We believe that this feature – the ability to quantify accessibility of DNA within nucleosome-bound regions – best distinguishes RED-seq from complementary approaches such as MNase-seq and DNase-seq, which do not probe intranucleosomal accessibility.
Other recent attempts at using cellulases to quantify accessibility have involved the production of a fluorescently-tagged non-hydrolytic CBM to enhance the accuracy and sensitivity of the protein adsorption technique [ 44].
We also describe a novel technique, using the adsorption of substructure-specific CBMs over short time scales (<30 minutes) to quantify cellulose accessibility [ 44] and to accurately quantify the degree of amorphogenesis induced by non-hydrolytic disruptive proteins.
Combining a rigorously characterized setup and an adequate reporter strategy, we could for the first time quantify the accessibility of the nuclear landscape and the diffusion coefficient of small molecules, up to eGFP tetramers, depending on the chromatin compaction level.
To try to progressively disrupt cotton fibres in order to assess the ability of CBM adsorption to quantify cellulose accessibility a range of phosphoric acid concentrations was used.
Thus, it is possible that a probe making use of a single CBM might primarily be quantifying the accessibility of a specific cellulosic substructure, rather than the overall accessibility of the cellulose.
Techniques with potential for quantifying cellulose accessibility and the amorphogenesis step include measuring the water retention value, mean fibre size, nitrogen adsorption capacity and mercury porosimetry of the cellulosic substrate.
In previous work, Filonova et al., (2007) demonstrated the use of fluorescently-tagged mannan-specific CBM's to quantify the accessibility of mannan in wood tissues and pulp, after applying a protein-based lignin-blocking technique to prevent non-specific adsorption of the CBMs to lignin [ 75].
