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The substitutional semantics for the quantifiers has often been used to argue that there are ontologically innocent uses of quantifiers, and that what quantified statements we accept does not directly reveal ontological commitment.
We incur a quantifier commitment whenever our theories imply existentially quantified statements.
These are existentially quantified statements.
Everybody had noted that the Wittgensteinian verificationist criterion rendered universally quantified statements meaningless.
Quine says that we can read off our ontology from the existentially quantified statements constituting our well-accepted theories.
In the first place, this liberalization meant the accommodation of universally quantified statements and the return, as it were, to salient aspects of Carnap's 1928 conception.
Similar(47)
All that matters is that a certain quantified statement 'There are Fs' is implied by what we believe for us to be committed to Fs.
More generally, a data stream with a complete, consistent enumeration of literals determines the truth of every quantified statement in the given first-order language.
We can regard a conjunction 'φ ∧ ψ' as a universally quantified statement expressing 'Every one of the sentences φ, ψ holds', so it should be for the player ∀ to choose one of the sentences.
Different countries communicate projections differently in text, some using numbers with or without decimal points, others using ranges rather than absolute numbers, and still others using proxy statements (e.g. number of frost days (Finnish NAS) or not quantifying statements at all) "more mild winters and hot summers" (Dutch NAS).
In addition, this study may be one of the first in this domain to quantify qualitative statements obtained from think aloud protocols in order to obtain a more reliable measure of their preferences.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com