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For this reason, we quantified sequence divergence at the amino acid level based on the protein distance calculated by TREE-PUZZLE [ 43].
By comparative genome analyses, including 6 recently published genomes of bifidobacteria isolated from honeybees and bumblebees [ 31, 32], we have quantified sequence divergence levels, identified novel gene acquisitions and estimated recombination frequencies.
In a previous study [ 11], we quantified sequence variability using rates of evolution, RSA values were calculated following Ramsey et al. [ 10], and we used two LPD measures: WCN and CN with 13 Å cut-off radius.
To make more refined inferences about levels of sequence conservation and functional constraint among avian globin genes, we quantified sequence conservation among all members of the globin gene superfamily in the avian genome: Cygb, Mb, GbE, Ngb, α E -globin, α D -globin, α A -globin, ρ-globin, ϵ-globin, β A -globin, and β H -globin (supplementary table 2, Supplementary Material online).
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We quantified sequencing results from small RNA libraries (not immunoprecipitated) from samples of either ESC or NSC staged cultures of H1, HSF1, HSF6, or RG7.
All the 524 quantified sequences were assigned a description and 508 were annotated with an average number of five annotations per sequence and an average annotation level depth of 5.8.
Briefly, the frequencies of the annotation terms were compared between a reference list containing all the quantified sequences in the experiment and a subset list of sequences selected through an arbitrary quantitation ratio cutoff of 1.5-fold (ratio <0.6 for the down-regulated and >1.5 for the up-regulated proteins).
The enormous capacity of current DNA sequencing technologies has opened the door for quantifying sequence variants present at low frequencies in vivo, such as within cancerous tissues.
Genetic distances were calculated to quantify sequence divergences among individuals using Kimura's (1980) [39] two-parameter (K2P) models, theta, as implemented in MEGA 3.1 [40].
Here, we evaluate a simple, cost-effective, high-throughput adaptation of the PRT method to determine gene copy number using the pyrosequencing technique to quantify sequence differences between the test and reference PRT amplicons [42], [51], [52], and compare this pyrosequencing PRT (PPRT) with the published triplex PRT [53] method and real-time QPCR.
There are several ways to quantify sequence variability.
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