Exact(2)
Most of the protein force spectroscopy studies quantified force thresholds for these phenomena through a complex set of assumptions both about the measurement tools and the sample to arrive at forces at the scale of picoNewtons in such load-bearing proteins as cadherin [ 6] and vinculin [ 5].
A force transducer (2 mm diameter) is mounted on the operator's thumb and a progressive a quantified force was applied for direct stimulation of the joint.
Similar(58)
What quantifying force they seem to have is not theirs, but derives from the environment in which they occur.
Progress, however, is being made in quantifying force in vivo.
This approach allowed us to simultaneously expose cells to local nanonewton forces while quantifying force transduction through the actin cytoskeleton.
Objectives: To quantify forces applied by therapists during dorsal glide translational mobilization of the glenohumeral joint, to determine the relationship of tissue resistance to the load-displacement relation of the glenohumeral joint, and to determine the safety of the forces applied by the therapists during dorsal glide translational mobilization.
After extensive discussion, the reviewers concluded that the authors should quantify forces if they want to claim mechanosensitivity, and quantitatively assess the relation between forces exerted and actin assembly rates.
Future studies should be directed to quantify force-dependent protein protein interactions that are involved in various disease related cellular processes, and to the discovery of mechano-active small molecules and peptides that bind to mechanosensing proteins.
We find unclear what additional experiments we could still perform to address these two issues: 'The reviewers concluded that the authors should quantify forces if they want to claim mechanosensitivity, and quantitatively assess the relation between forces exerted and actin assembly rates.
Vinculin itself also transmits force at adhesions; studies have quantified the force applied to vinculin during cell migration.
The specificity of recognition was confirmed by blocking with a CenH3 peptide, and the strength of the interaction was quantified by force measurements.
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