The concept of mass transfer resistance is quantified through the definition of a mass transfer driving parameter which is assumed to be small for the present problem.
The results were quantified through the definition of a critical wall shear stress (τw 50%) required to detach 50% of the yeast cells initially deposited on the glass surface.
Detection of an appropriate colour was quantified using binary definition of colour images as displayed on the screen.
This can be quantified through the definition of γ2 = S(T / S T1), where S(T) is the saccharide signal intensity at an arbitrary temperature, and S T1) is the signal intensity from an untreated granule.
The energy dissipated in the contact may be quantified by different definitions of the coefficient of restitution in Newton's law and Poisson's law.
The over- or under-representation of all codon pairs relative to the occurrence in a fully randomized sequence with the same codon usage were quantified using the modified definition of Codon Pair Score (CPS) [17] expanded to '+n codon pair' and are arranged in a matrix form (CPS+n matrix).
In this systematic review, we formally quantified the heterogeneity in definitions used for terms referring to extreme phenotypes in the literature, and identified common definitions and components used to describe these phenotypes.
As with other physical concepts (e.g. temperature), the intuitive understanding of forces is quantified using precise operational definitions that are consistent with direct observations and compared to a standard measurement scale.
