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In gene influence networks [14], [20], a gene, its transcript, and protein are represented by a single node, which is quantified by the expression level of the mRNA.
(E ) Osteoclast apoptosis was unaltered, quantified by the expression of apoptosis genes on day 9 of osteoclast differentiation cultures (n = 4).
The edges from the most differentially correlated hub sub-networks were then used as the classification features and each edge was quantified by the expression difference between the hub gene and interactor gene joined by the edge (Additional File 1 - Supplementary methods: Network-based feature selection methods focusing on sub-networks - Taylor's approach and BSS/WSS).
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Comparison study - gene-set approach: The gene-set method analysed was the median expression approach in which gene-sets were quantified by the median expression of the genes contained within the set (inspired by the average expression measure described by [ 39] and work by [ 30]).
Important to note is that photoreceptorness was quantified by the mean expression of gene cluster 3 (2753 genes, orange branches Fig. 2, Table S3).
Mature osteoclasts were identified as multinucleated (>3 nuclei) TRAP+ cells on day 9. Osteoclast differentiation and apoptosis were quantified by the RNA expression of osteoclast markers and apoptosis genes on day 3 and 6, respectively, using RT-QPCR analysis.
We also quantified by qPCR the expression of the β3-adrenoceptor, but no significant change could be detected at early or late time point post-burn.
The Northern blot results were quantified by scanning the expression signal intensity with a PhosphorImager analyser (Model 445 SI, Molecular Dynamics, Sunnyvale, CA, USA).
The fitness costs and benefits of synchronicity can be quantified by assaying the expression of stage specific genes in synchronous (using purified merozoites), or asynchronous (a mix of stages) infections (Mons et al. 1985).
Mean triplicate U6B snRNA expression was quantified by the 2−ΔΔ CT, allowing expression of miR-21 to be calculated relative to this reference.
The real-time PCR was run as follows: 50°C for 2 min (UNG incubation) and 95°C for 10 min (AmpliTaq Gold activation), followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 10 s and 60°C for 1 min. For each sample, the gene expression was quantified by the standard curve method and normalized against the expression of the ribosomal protein P0 gene.
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