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The effectiveness of the method is quantified by how well our quality metric could predict system performance among the defined quality sets.
They quantified by how much, reporting, "Net exports -- the difference between exports and imports -- subtracted 1.15 percentage point from fourth-quarter gross domestic product".
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"The market would be higher today if we didn't have that terrorism risk," he said, "but there is no way to quantify by how much".
But tomorrow Darling will announce that even the £25bn estimate is now too high, although he will not quantify by how much.
We proposed to use the number of HTML views of a paper to quantify by how far the paper has percolated in the scientific community, and explained the time series of HTML views using a simple stochastic model.
At the same time, quantifying by how much adaptive capacity is likely to reduce impacts also is uncertain.
5) The authors should quantify by how much these SAS6 constructs are overexpressed, as the overexpression of SAS6 has previously been shown to drive the de novo formation of abnormal centriole-like-structures in fly eggs (Rodrigues-Martins et al., 2007 and Peel et al., 2007).
Risk advancement periods are calculated as the ratio of the regression coefficients of the respective predictor variable and age (see appendix for further details and formulas) and quantify by how many years cardiovascular mortality is advanced in exposed participants compared with the unexposed reference group (for example, current smokers in comparison with never smokers).
(c) Drug treatment In traditional virus dynamics models, the basic reproductive ratio of the virus, R 0, is thought to be an important measure for quantifying by how much anti-viral treatment has to reduce the rate of viral replication in order to achieve successful virus control.
It is generally considered that the quality of color in an image reproduction may be quantified by measuring how accurate the reproduction of color is to the original when viewed by a human observer.
The success of lip boundary estimation can then be quantified by observing how close these manual landmarks are to the estimated curves.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com