Quantification of trade-offs for policy decision support requires numerical models in order to assess systematically the interference of complex interacting forces that affect economic performance, environmental quality, and social conditions.
A key strength of the suggested framework is the direct quantification of the trade-offs between economics and dynamic performance requirements for a selection of uncertainty scenarios.
This becomes an extremely challenging multi-objective problem and its solution leads to the quantification of the trade-offs between the different objectives.
To this end, this article proposes a practical technique for the quantification of liquidity trading risk for large portfolios that consist of multiple commodity assets and whereby the holding periods are adjusted according to the specific needs of each trading portfolio.
Quantification of this trade-off is a particular issue in so-called equivalence and non-inferiority trials in which a very small loss in survival (affecting few patients) is frequently deemed acceptable for a very large gain in toxic effects (affecting many).
We provide direct experimental confirmation of these ideas and quantification of this trade-off with the microsporidian Brachiola algerae (formerly Nosema algerae ), a common insect parasite [ 15], and one of its hosts, the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti.
38 In the context of priority setting, it allows the derivation of 'priority weights' for different criteria on a common interval scale, and quantification of the trade-offs people would be willing to make between different criteria.
For example, per programme option, the matrix may detail the number of life-years averted, among which population groups these occur, the expected costs, and required health system capacity―this allows a quantification of the trade-offs.
The input-output framework facilitates economy-wide performance measurement, including a quantification of the terms-of-trade effect and a decomposition of efficiency change in allocative and X-efficiency changes, even down to the level of industry.
The novelty of the model is the coherent description of mutual interdependencies amongst a broad range of sustainability indicators related to soil fertility management in arable cropping, enabling the quantification of synergies and trade-offs between objectives.
We do not look for a single metric but rather for a quantification of individual attributes and for trade-offs among those metrics.
