To properly address the nature of quantification goals of this study, we use the term "heterogeneity index" to denote the calculated tumor heterogeneity in a numerical form.
The main features of prototyping are: (1) quantification of goals; (2) emphasis on multiple societal goals; (3) designing as an organizing principle; (4) iteration of system analysis, design and on-farm testing.
Whereas the restoration of the normal humeral anatomy is the ultimate goal, the quantification of the deformity as well as the transfer of the preoperative plan is challenging.
Since Zener's pioneering work, research on thermoelasticity has received significant attention from engineers, physicists and mathematicians with the common goal being quantification of the Q-factor in thermoelastic dissipation [20 23].
Although there are various ways of determining the particle size distribution of soils and clays once the sample has been separated into its constituent fractions, they all have a similar goal: the quantification of the percentage of the sample that is sand, silt, and clay.
Protein quantification is the final goal of many proteomics experiments.
In trying to achieve this goal, absolute quantification of perfusion and pressure to determine minimum microvascular resistance plays a central role [ 70, 118].
In most cases, only a subset of peptides assigned to a given protein is used for quantification, because the main goal is to accurately determine the protein fold change, regardless of protein coverage, which has been already taken into account for protein inference.
If the goal of activity quantification is to enable diagnostic or therapeutic decisions based on estimates of activity in objects or regions in the body [10], then not only the individual components need scrutiny but the camera's performance as a whole unit needs to be evaluated for continuity and consistency.
Additionally, as the water T1 has direct influence on the CEST effect, CEST effects are sometimes normalized by T1 (e.g., when quantification of concentration is the goal); however, depending on the pathology, this can decrease or increase the obtained tissue contrast [56, 71, 75], so this kind of normalization is not always desirable for clinical reading.
