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Exploiting data from the German Family Panel (pairfam), we estimate multilevel models to investigate whether the quality of the relationship between parents (G2) and the (grand- parent grand- parent1) predicts the relationship quality of parents (generationeir children (G1).
An increase in children's years of schooling significantly improves the life quality of parents, and an increase in daughters' years of schooling has a more obvious effect.
An increase in the total number of children has a significant negative effect on parents' living environment for both past and present and the increase in the number of either sons or daughters decreases the quality of parents' living environment.
The quality and quantity of children are two important aspects in which fertility strategy affects the life quality of parents as they age and also key factors in evaluating whether more children really do bring more blessings.
(Note: the oval in dotted lines in the bottom-left corner shows the distribution of families with more children, and the life quality of parents from these families is less affected by the gender distribution of their children.
Here is what I've gleaned from the many good studies I've read on the subject: It is the quality of parents' relationships with each other, rather than whether they are married or single, that matters most for kids' well-being.
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Secondary outcomes are child quality of life, child general coping skills, child self-perception, parental stress, quality of parent-child interaction, and parental perceived vulnerability.
Potential mediating factors are; child quality of life, child general coping skills, child self-perception, parental stress, quality of parent-child interaction, and parental perceived vulnerability.
Nor is it about the quality of parenting.
"It's the quality of parenting, not the gender of the parents," she said.
Let's talk about parents, because we know the quality of parenting is enormously important.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com