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This is not surprising since the likely impact in healthy smokers of shorter cilia would be difficult to quantify with a relatively crude qualitative instrument such as the cough and sputum score.
A similar process was used to generate a qualitative instrument for interviews with Nargis survivors.
As such, a qualitative instrument was designed based on the findings from the literature review (see Additional File 1 for an example).
A two-stage qualitative instrument development methodology was followed, involving adults (≥18 years) with laboratory-confirmed influenza recruited through clinical sites in the US and Mexico.
Some specific questions were informed by a qualitative instrument that was used to assess health policy analysis institutes, including their capacity and sustainability [ 29], and by tools used by the Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research [ 4].
This required a qualitative instrument to be designed to guide the interviews; as indicated, this was based on material obtained from the literature review and the first workshops [Smith R, Martínez Álvarez M, Chanda R Medical Tourismm: a review of the literature and analysis of a role for bi-lateral trade, Submitted].
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We administered quantitative and qualitative instruments in a two-phase pre-post protocol to analyze how the development of course materials affected participant's pedagogical beliefs.
A convergent parallel mixed methods study implements the quantitative and qualitative instruments during the same phase of the research and integrates the results (Creswell and Plano Clark 2011).
Data were collected using both quantitative and qualitative instruments.
At each of the five sites, all exiting mothers were interviewed during one full day of operations Qualitative Instruments: Focus group discussions.
However, the findings of this research will be used to develop further qualitative instruments, a survey questionnaire, in order to test these factors in depth.
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