Qualitative: An older driver stated that he pulled out from a side street and was broad-sided (Kostyniuk and Shope 1998, p 31); a family member of another reported that "one side of her car is all banged up from taking turns too tight" (Sterns et al 1997, p 43).
The probabilistic approach takes into account the fact that the gap acceptance behavior depends not only on intersection characteristics, vehicular characteristics, opposing flow, type of control, but also on qualitative factors like drivers' psychological and socioeconomic status, factors related to weather, pavement and light conditions, and factors related to the vehicle occupancy.
We think that this path is fruitful when dealing with complex situations where a great number of value (both qualitative and quantitative) drivers must be taken into account, and/or where explicit account of their interrelations must be taken for a better description and rationalization of the evaluation process.
In addition to the 52 intervention studies qualitative data on drivers and barriers were extracted from the 42 papers identified describing descriptive studies of health literacy and SNAPW risk factor modification, including facilitators and barriers.
Qualitative: Some older drivers drove alone to prevent distraction, while others choose to drive with a companion for longer trips, or reported that passengers were observing and giving feedback on their driving errors.
Comparison or integration: The quantitative data show protective effects for daytime driving for all drivers, and the qualitative findings show that older drivers prefer daytime trips and self-restrict for nighttime driving.
From the qualitative data an older driver called for a more structured environment (a stoplight before crossing a highway) to feel safer, but families and friends observed that intersection negotiation is somehow associated with minor traffic collisions, near misses, or dents in the body of vehicles.
Qualitative analyses indicated that drivers frequently reported being tired, upset, angry or under the influence of alcohol or drugs prior to collisions.
The chapters also identify the main drivers for qualitative research development in migration studies.
This qualitative study examined the "drivers" of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women in displacement to identify protective factors and patterns of risk.
