Nowadays, most female doctors complete a specialty qualification, live in a relationship with a partner and have children as often as their male colleagues; they do not drop out after childbirth, but continue working, although in most cases part-time [ 6, 7].
The second is those who are particularly likely to lose out, not necessarily from immigration but wider economic trends – those with few skills or qualifications, living in seaside towns or some former industrial areas.
9. Sociodemographic variables (gender, pregnancy, country of birth, educational qualifications, living arrangements, children living in care, employment status, hours worked).
The NZDep2006 38 has eight dimensions of deprivation (income, owned home, support, employment, qualifications, living space, communication and transport).
The NZDep2001 combines CAU-level census data on income, employment, communication, support, transport, qualifications, living space and home ownership [ 33].
It was created by combining (by principal component analysis) nine variables from the 2006 Census (benefit receipt, house-hold income, living in a single-parent family, home ownership, employment status, access to a telephone, qualifications, living space, and access to a car).
We assessed the socioeconomic status of the patient cohort using the NZDep score, which combines nine variables from the census that reflect eight domains of deprivation (income, home ownership, social support, employment, academic qualifications, living space, access to a telephone, access to a car).
The Deprivation Index uses nine variables (benefit income, employment, household income, communication, transport, support, qualifications, living space, and home ownership) from the census to place small area blocks on a deprivation scale from 1 to 10; 10 represents the most deprived 10% of New Zealand areas, while 1 represents the 10% least deprived areas.
While the proportion of women in work is the highest it has ever been, women are less likely than men to keep their jobs and they tend to get lower pay rises than males, even if they have the same qualifications, live in the same place and have the same type of job, the report finds.
Muslims are Britain's poorest community, five times more likely to live in overcrowded accommodation than their fellow white Britons, four times more likely to be unemployed, twice as likely to have no qualifications, live in social rented accommodation, and suffer from ill health.
