They're up for women but only moderately over time, and women still make significantly less than men do with the same qualifications on average.
However, due to a scheduling conflict during that term, the students enrolled in one of the sections had substantially better academic qualifications, on average, than students in the other section.
Between 1955 and 1973, when Germany had actively recruited "guest workers" from countries including Turkey, Spain or Greece, the new arrivals' average qualification levels were considerably lower.
However, the on average qualification is important.
This may reflect that Māori with higher qualifications are a more select group of the population than equivalently qualified Europeans, which is quite likely given the lower average qualification levels of Māori.
Those with no qualification had, on average, a 5.7% (0.1%, 11.1%) higher dietary sodium intake than the reference group.
Finally, with strategy A2, average qualification was 1 year longer than with strategies A1 and C1 (Table 1).
The estimated coefficients on the broad education categories indicate that men (women) with school qualifications are, on average, 0.9 (1.0) years more overskilled than men (women) with no qualifications and those with post-school qualifications are, on average, 2.8 (2.7) years more overskilled than men (women) with no qualifications.
The pay gap will cost a woman with average qualifications £250,000 during her lifetime; for a low-skilled woman with two children the figure is closer to half a million.
It found that, if you measure actual skills rather than educational qualifications, human capital becomes a strong predictor of economic growth.For individuals, the rewards to education are clear: those with higher qualifications earn, on average, far more over a lifetime than the less qualified.
