Mr. Anderson views the church as a purely "top-down" structure, Mr. Lena said, whereas much power is actually exercised locally by bishops without the direct involvement or knowledge of the Holy See.
At a conference on "resilient futures", which was held in the city soon after the earthquake, Massey University's Prof Bruce Glavovic, the country's top recovery expert, criticised the purely top-down approach.
Our study builds a conceptual understanding of awareness-raising of landscape, recognising that it cannot be a purely top-down process but needs to be seen as a "multi-directional transfer of knowledge" or "co-creation of meaning".
Broady-Preston and Hayward (1998) make the point that 'the attempt by organisations to move away from purely top-down strategic formulation is in its infancy and different organisations favour different structures and models to ease the bottom-up flow of information' (p. 285).
Finally, using a purely top-down approach, the results obtained from the SAM, Fisher, and Student's T-test analyses were examined to determine whether these lists of differentially expressed genes could serve as reliable 'predictors'predictors
The mandate for completing the accession process was described by one stakeholder as a purely "top-down approach" with government asserting the need to achieve all the prerequisites.
While there is no clear evidence as yet that a middle-out approach will achieve the goal of large scale nationwide electronic health records, international experience, including England's, suggests that neither a purely top-down nor bottom-up approach is likely to do so.
Yet others were exhumed from mass execution graves in the 1950s, purely to "top up" the crypts after Nationalists failed to find enough unidentified massacre victims from their own side.
Instead the advantage of Curve is that it is a platform and UI layer than runs purely on top of existing banking and payment rails and doesn't ask you to switch banks and is agnostic regards where your money resides.
In that game, some investments — say, picking purely randomly, top-rated mortgage securities or Greek government debt — could be judged less risky than other assets.
