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Bodies fall within the purview of the phenomenal: they are more real than entities that are purely ideal (e.g., space) but less real than simple substances.
Leibniz concluded that continua are not real entities at all; as "wholes preceding their parts" they have instead a purely ideal character.
To simplify the simulation, we assume all reflectors are purely ideal diffusive Lambertian source with = 1, although true reflections in general include both specular and diffusive [41].
Since he regarded continua as purely ideal entities, it was then perfectly consistent for him to maintain, as he did, that infinitesimal quantities themselves are no less ideal simply useful fictions, introduced to shorten arguments and aid insight.
According to Cassirer, Kant's intention with regard to pure intuition was simply to express the methodological presupposition that certain "intellectual forms" (Denkformen), among which are the purely ideal concepts of coexistence and succession, enter into all physical knowledge.
The historical Homer was "quite simply a man of the people" ("Discovery of the True Homer, §806, p.308) and quite distinct from the ostensible author of the Odyssey and Iliad who was actually a "purely ideal poet who never existed in the world of nature...but was an idea or a heroic character of Grecian men insofar as they told their histories in song" ("Discovery of the True Homer, §873, p.323).
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QUESTION FROM SARAHLEWIS: What I liked especially about your comment was how you remind that literature can be seen as a competitive sport, despite all the ideas that people have of artists as working from some purely internal ideal.
Hume focusses exclusively on the second, inductive, clause, and he thereby shows an especially deep insight into the fundamental difference between Newton's methodology and the purely deductive ideal of scientific knowledge represented by the mechanical philosophy.
Here's a taste from the second preface Nietzsche wrote to it: "The unconscious disguise of physiological needs under the cloaks of the objective, ideal, purely spiritual goes to frightening lengths – and often I have asked myself whether, taking a large view, philosophy has not been merely an interpretation of the body, and a misunderstanding of the body".
Leibniz was presumably unaware of the unpublished De Gravitatione in which these particular ideas were developed, but as we shall see, his later works are characterized by a robust rejection of any notion of space as a real thing rather than an ideal, purely mental entity.
In particular, the modern axiomatic conception of mathematics, as exemplified especially in Richard Dedekind's work on the foundations of arithmetic and David Hilbert's work on the foundations of geometry, has shown that mathematics itself has a purely formal and ideal, entirely non-sensory and thus non-intuitive meaning.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com