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Organizing transactions in such networks of social relations 'are superior to pure authority relations in discouraging malfeasanse' (Granovetter 1985).
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Due to wider changes in society, he claimed, "America's pure moral authority is no longer greater than if it was a small island state".
The assessment of whether a public interest is represented in PPP should not be limited to whether a legal body with pure public authority is party to a PPP.
If and when this is done within arms' length of an underlying pure public authority, this expresses a public interest significance, as this involvement then effectively comes with a dominant public voice in how the private body is to perform its tasks.
To the standard purification process, the board has added not only ultraviolet radiation but also microfiltration and reverse-osmosis two membreverse-osmosis twosed in desalination plants.The resulting water is so pure local authorities believe it's wasted on humembrane
This is not to say that these (or others) pure public authorities can only perform public law acts.
This stands to reason as the raison d'être of pure public authorities is in their legislative function, so they intrinsically belong in the ambit of public law.
In liberal democracies, actions by pure public authorities are legitimate only if underpinned by democratic consent and exercised under the rule of law.
Hence, general norms of public law (such as those mentioned in the above - under 'Research methods' - e.g., good faith and reasonableness) automatically apply to all pure public authorities and do so in all their activities [27].
Applied to the BIONOF case, considered as a particular PPP type, we conclude that although grid operators are private entities and BIONOF is about an unregulated green gas experiment, grid operators are involved as quasi/functional public authorities, effectively representing the public interest as perceived - in more or less specific terms - by underlying (pure) public authorities.
Our analysis has already revealed that public authorities, pure and quasi/functional, automatically fall within the public law scope, and consequently, their organization and actions need to be in keeping with public law norms - a normative state of affairs that may be recognized merely as a matter of unwritten law, but which is sometimes also explicitly prescribed by statute.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com