Of the "pure" arrays, the number of strains with each type are: Type 1 (8), Type 2 (14), Type 3 (18), Type 4 (4), and Type 5 (13).
However, the symbiont assemblage consisted of three distinct Symbiodinium populations: cells featuring pure arrays of ITS2 type C109, near-homogeneous cells of type C100 (with trace ITS2 copies of type C109), and those with co-dominant C100 and C109 ITS2 repeats.
Compared to pure nanorod arrays, the nanorod array-microflower hierarchical structures improved the power conversion efficiency from 0.41% to 0.92%, corresponding to a 124% efficiency increase.
(a,b) Pure nanorod array at 30 min.
(c,d) Pure nanorod array with etched hole on top of each nanorod at 40 min.
At the maximum value of the IPCE spectra at about 500 nm, the IPCE of the multilayers of microflowers was approximately 15.0%, obviously higher than those of the pure nanorod array (6.0%) and fewer layers of microflowers (10.0%).
The conversion efficiency of cell with fewer and multilayers of microflowers as photoanode is 0.65% and 0.92%, respectively, which is approximately a 58% and 124% enhancement over that of the pure nanorod array cell.
Compared with the pure nanorod array and composite structure with fewer layers of microflowers, the composite structure with multilayers of microflowers has a higher IPCE over the whole range from 400 to 800 nm (Figure 5b).
The amounts were 23.4, 26.9, and 44.3 nmol · cm−2 for pure nanorod array and composite nanostructures with fewer and multilayers of microflowers (multilayers means higher quantity of microflowers compared with that of fewer layers), respectively.
This Ni(OH 2 based-catalyst with peculiar nanosheet@nanowire configuration just requires a small potential of 0.34 V (vs. SCE) to drive 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH with 0.33 M urea, which outperforms the one with pure nanosheet array architecture and even the commercial Pt/C catalyst.
