Using the price of the purchased ticket as a proxy for socioeconomic class, the largest spread of all the mortality comparisons is between the rate among upper- and middle-class children under age 15 (3 percent) and their lower-class comparison group (70 percent).
In addition, using decision-making on household purchases as a proxy for spousal equity, the women with formal education experienced an increased spousal violence when they were also the members of microfinance programmes.
And while the women who work in the parlours ought to register as self-employed and start paying taxes, a mix of self-interest, ignorance and stigma means most don't.Industry e-mail lists are alive with rumours of inspectors trawling parlour websites, or tracking the purchase of condoms as a proxy for taxable income.
If we take the average amount of work needed to purchase a pack of cigarettes as a proxy for cigarette purchasing power, then it would take an Indian 77 minutes of work, an Indonesian 62 minutes, a Chinese 56 minutes, and a Taiwanese only 7 10 minutes to purchase a pack of domestic cigarettes.
We found that the majority of chocolates sold at chain X were produced by company A. Therefore, for the analysis we constructed a variable for chocolate(s) purchased at chain X ("chain-X-chocolate") as a proxy for chocolate-products from company A because most patients could remember the flavor of the purchased chocolate, but seldom the brand name.
Our objective was to test whether alcohol based hand rub (ABHR) purchase data could be used as a proxy for usage.
We accessed data for coffee purchasing as a proxy measure of consumption at a large teaching hospital in Switzerland over one calendar year (2014).
25 The primary covariate of interest, the proportion of purchased treatment regimens containing artemisinin, was used as a proxy for the proportion of patients who would be treated with an artemisinin-based drug.
Companies like Weta Digital are rapidly becoming the new bellwether for IT purchasing decisions as they are leading the Big "Fast Dataa revolution, serving as a proxy for IT decision making for Corporate IT around the world.
Some studies have used purchase of inhaled oral antihistamines/ nasal corticosteroids as a proxy for seasonal allergic rhinitis incidence or prevalence [ 8].
We used seed catalogues listing the maize cultivars available to farmers for purchase and public national and European seed registration catalogues as a proxy for "choice" in countries with different adoption status for GM crops.
