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However, other measures (e.g. subsidies to partially fund purchase, breeding, and sheepdog sale promotions between producers, as well as non-governmental organizations actions) could be implemented to encourage farmers to use sheepdogs (e.g. Marker et al. 2003).
Purchase breeding supplies.
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In 1954, Yugoslavia and Italy purchased breeding stock from North Tyrol to establish their own Haflinger programs and in 1956 the German Democratic Republic followed suit.
Only 11.4%and8.2%2% of the farms kept own-bred or purchased breeding bulls respectively (see table 8).
However, in a recent Irish study, purchasing breeding sheep through markets was not a risk factor for scrapie at a 5% a level (25).
Of 19 herds that purchased breeding pigs, 17 used a quarantine stable where a strict all-in, all-out routine was applied in all cases.
In the Danish study it was thought that measures to decrease the risk of introducing infections when purchasing breeding stock and the management were better in bigger herds [ 26].
Information regarding purchase of breeding stock and mortality (only case farms) was extracted from the database at Kopenhagen Fur.
Woodbine et al [ 15] identified purchase of breeding stock as a risk factor for herd outbreaks in the early phase of the PCVAD epidemics in Great Britain.
Common biosecurity measures in place were no purchase of breeding stock (43.4%), buying breeding stock one to six times per year (18.9%), having dead pigs collected (69.1%), using on-farm incinerator (30.9%), protective clothing for staff and visitors (76.6%), and requirements of visitors to be pig-free (80.4%) with a median of two days (minimum of one and maximum seven days).
The questions focussed on biosecurity measures, CDV vaccination strategies, hygiene precautions for visitors, procedures for visiting other mink farms, access of domestic and wild life to the farm premises, purchase of breeding animals and equipment, and hygiene procedures for farm personnel.
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