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These characteristics were compared among pups of different ages and between each pup age group and adults.
Across all types of syllables, the frequency of syllables did not change in a systematic way with pup age.
Further, while the variability in duration often decreased with pup age, that was not always the case (e.g., complex syllables).
Across pup age, there were significant age-related changes in the proportions of these syllables (Fig. 10).
We first discuss the prevalence of different syllable types across pup age and then compare the spectro-temporal characteristics of the syllables.
For instance, while the stepped syllables generally decreased in frequency with pup age, the peak frequency in flat and complex syllables increased.
Similar(45)
This syllable occurred with differing proportions in different pup ages (Χ2 4, N = 562) = 383, p<0.001)], becoming increasingly common with age.
Puzzling in these patterns is the fact that many features change over the pup ages prior to hearing onset.
Chevron syllables from p13 animals were significantly longer than those from all other pup ages (mean = 61.9 ms, 95% CI [60.5, 63.3]) p<0.001).
The entropy reduced significantly between H1 (first order) and H2 (second order) at all pup ages, and in adults (Χ2 (7–10, N>3143)>2059, p<0.001).
The entropy also reduced significantly between H2 and H3 (second to third order) at all pup ages and in adults (Χ2 (49–100, N>3143)>1204.19, p<0.001), showing that at all ages the probability of a particular syllable type being produced is affected by the two preceding syllable types.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com