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The proposed solution is not redistribution, but punitive state intervention to instil personal responsibility and restore social order.
Are we to conclude that statistics should not be used to mitigate punitive state measures, but are permissible when used to increase them?
The most punitive state is California, which has about 120,000 parolees and locks up around 70,000 of them each year for technical violations.
In Yiyun Li's stories, destiny — zealously assisted by the punitive state, the ill will of one's neighbors, the secret agendas of those we imagine we know best and the flaws in our own nature — continually subverts our plans for happiness.
Roger N. Lancaster is a professor of anthropology and director of the cultural studies program at George Mason University, and the author of "Sex Panic and the Punitive State".
The offensive by businesses has been spurred by the federal enforcement crackdown, by inaction in Congress on immigration legislation and by a rush of punitive state measures last year that created a checkerboard of conflicting requirements.
And the increased number of deportations and incredibly punitive state immigration laws are exacerbating these problems.
Above all, our punitive state targets the poor more than the wealthy and Blacks and Latinos more than white people.
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Even if they balk at that, both the federal government and the more punitive states should make more use of cheap, effective alternatives to prison, such as electronic tagging.
"This proposal is a costly, ineffective, inhumane and punitive effort by state government based on stereotypes about our state's neediest Texans".
Three paint companies found liable for creating a public nuisance by manufacturing lead paint do not have to pay the state punitive damages, a judge ruled.
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