Stringent enforcement of removal laws has resulted in punitive outcomes for individuals and the separation of families.
The risk management approach incentivises enforcement bodies to achieve punitive outcomes in order to 'argue that the United States is more secure simply because more members of a population perceived as threatening have been apprehended, detained and deported' (Miller, 2005, p. 123).
After all, the Court has done very little in recent years to acknowledge the role prosecutors play in tilting the criminal justice system towards punitive outcomes and even less to hold them accountable.
"It would be really interesting to look at a courtroom that does that and a courtroom that doesn't do that in terms of how punitive the outcomes end up being for people who are on trial," Laurin said. .
"The hearing will be handled by Cosafa's independent judicial body, and the outcome and punitive action will be handed down within 48 hours of the hearing.
Terms such as complication, adverse event, and medical error exacerbate the punitive atmosphere surrounding undesirable outcomes, particularly when these events are related to surgical procedures [ 59, 60].
Finally, organisations should carefully consider how they deal with sub-standard performance: a punitive approach to poor outcomes is likely to result in decreased measurement, not increased performance [ 21, 32].
In my forthcoming memoir, I've tried to show how America's inflexible and punitive immigration policies result in absurd and unjust outcomes.
"Defendants who may have a meritorious mental health defense do not pursue the defense because the likely outcome is more punitive than a guilty verdict," Garton says.
Proactive approaches like sensitization, continuing education and outreach to researchers and other stakeholders in research could yield better outcomes than strict punitive treatment and humiliation.
