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But since the purpose of law is to keep order, I am concerned this wave of punitive behaviour by the courts will only lead to a further sense of injustice among the rioters, and their families and friends.
Main and Cassidy observed that disorganized behavior in infancy can develop into a child using caregiving-controlling or punitive behaviour in order to manage a helpless or dangerously unpredictable caregiver.
However, the proximate motives underpinning punitive behaviour are currently debated.
This study suggests that punitive behaviour that is deemed to be unfair may not be accepted by the target.
Thus, punitive behaviour can arise even when higher-earning players do not impose losses on lower-earning individuals and when there is no cooperative norm to be enforced.
A more recent study used a random income game (where players were randomly allocated different-sized earnings) to show that punitive behaviour can be motivated by inequity, even in the absence of losses [ 12].
Similar(53)
These include the caregiving and punitive behaviours also identified by Main and Cassidy (termed A3 and C3 respectively), but also other patterns such as compulsive compliance with the wishes of a threatening parent (A4).
However, punitive behavior cannot be assumed.
Dante's Inferno was another possible influence, producing creatures such as the Hatter and his friends, who are like comic versions of the souls doomed to spend eternity stuck in the same punitive loops of behaviour.
It's sickening to listen to, but a salutary reminder that a punitive focus on the behaviour of victims is at the core of rape culture.
Some patients did not receive any support from teachers ("I knew she [teacher] was busy but I just wanted some help. Was that so hard?" P17), while parents tried to control their behaviour with punitive measures ("Should teach parents how to deal with [ADHD] children, not only by scolding" P32).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com