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However, theory suggests that selection for strong reciprocity can depend upon tight genetic linkage between cooperation and punishment, to avoid the strategy being outcompeted by non-punishing cooperators.
To resolve this problem, we adjust the strength of punishment to avoid cold boot problem, as shown in Fig. 3.
Fifa has told the Football Association it can change its rules on retrospective punishment to avoid situations like the one involving Mario Balotelli at Arsenal.
Use this punishment to avoid the next.
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In Nuns On the Run, Eric Idle's "punishment" was to avoid being killed by Triads and to gawp at convent girls in the showers.
Furthermore, in the context of deterrence, possible punishments help to avoid free riding (Falk et al. 2005; Fehr and Gächter 2000; Guzman et al. 2007).
Whether by bargaining for more food, mitigating punishment, breaking tools to avoid backbreaking labor or running away for a few days or for good, enslaved black Southerners rebelled against slavery.
It's common to use punishment in order to avoid (or fix) errant behavior.
Therefore, those with high BIS-anxiety should choose to cooperate to avoid punishment when punishment is expected but non-implemented.
When his children disobey, it is his moral duty to punish them painfully enough so that, to avoid punishment, they will obey him (do what is right) and not just do what feels good.
Whereas dopaminergic neurons signal appetitive prediction errors (Schultz et al., 1997), serotonergic neurons could signal punishments, thereby adjusting future behavior to avoid those punishments or inhibiting specific actions that are associated with punishments.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com