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Again, expected punishment levels strongly influence the actual amount spent on the punishment of cooperators.
The interaction term between competition and expected punishment levels remains insignificant.
We therefore introduce in the fourth model an interaction term between the competition condition and expected punishment levels.
When controlling for expected punishment levels, the number of cooperators in a group has a significant influence on the amount spent on punishing them.
First, the actual number of defectors in the group may affect punishment levels because it reflects the number of punishment opportunities.
First, the effect of intergroup competition on the punishment of defectors is fully caused by the stronger conditionality of punishment on expected punishment levels in the competition condition.
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Already mired in acrimony with Carlos Tevez, Manchester City are bracing themselves for a battle with another of the club's former captains after it emerged Kolo Touré plans to contest any potential punishment levelled at him for his six-month suspension for a failed drugs test.
Moreover, the punishment level for the cluster heads is much higher than the general cognitive user.
Offenses at the same punishment level include involvement in witchcraft, consumption of alcoholic beverages and abortion.
Benisho argued that "this appeal fails to set the proper punishment in a unique case in which a general punishment level which has not yet been set".
In the third model, we add the expectations participants had about the punishment level of their group members.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com