Students often experienced cruel forms of corporal punishment, verbal abuse, and in some cases sexual abuse; the extent of the mistreatment may best be demonstrated by Canada's 2006 offer of some $2 billion (Canadian) in reparations to former residential school pupils.
Other factors included corporal punishment, sexual abuse and witnessing domestic violence.
It was difficult to draw a line between corporal punishment and abuse, and judges drew that line in different places.
One of the major contributing factors to the culture of punishment and abuse is the failure to see the detainees as children.
Inevitably, Chris's brother Will Jack Greenleess) rebels against his father and is subject to an unwatchably brutal punishment: dysfunctional abuse that Davies suggests has been stretching back centuries.
In the early 1970s Gregory abandoned comedy to focus on his political interests, which widened from race relations to include such issues as violence, world hunger, capital punishment, drug abuse, and poor health care.
"Separate institutions, researchers and advocacy groups lobby and often compete on behalf of victims of child molestation, rape, exposure to domestic violence, corporal punishment, physical abuse and bullying," they write.
How can anyone take seriously, for example, US or British leaders lecturing China about Tibet, Russia about Chechnya, or Sudan about Darfur, when they have triggered and presided over such an orgy of killing, collective punishment, prisoner abuse and ethnic cleansing?
The next year, agency workers found evidence of corporal punishment and abuse in the home, and Jashya and his two siblings were removed from Ms. Brown's custody and placed in foster care, the official said.
