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The Cooke and Wheatstone system did not support punctuation, lower case, or some letters.
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Or police would gather handwriting from a specific time and I would go through and methodically look at each letter, how they're linked together, how they've been formed, upper and lower case, punctuation, spelling mistakes.
In the data preprocessing step, all words are converted to lower case, punctuation marks and stop words are removed, and no stemming is used.
We then included the HTML filter back, but then removed the second stage of the Text processing pipeline containing conversion of text to lower case, punctuation filter and numeric filter, and again performed the classification.
Substrate names are canonicalized for DB matching by removing spaces, hyphens and other punctuation; by converting to lower case; by converting plurals to singular form; and by stripping off affixes (for example, '- specific', '- transporting').
The Normalization process involves stripping genitive marks, transforming plural forms into singular, replacing punctuation, removing stop words, lower-casing each word, breaking a string into its constituent words, and sorting the words into alphabetic order.
First, all letters are converted to lower case and punctuation such as hyphens and commas are removed.
The main task of the plain text filtering component is to normalize text by converting to lower case and filtering punctuation and numeric values.
These punctuations in the history of the lower Mississippi Valley are related to periods of major cultural transformation and suggest climate change plays a significant role in the long-term history of human occupation in this river valley.
Often short and occasionally scurrilous, they used lower-case letters and lacked punctuation.
It reads (all in lower-case and with no punctuation, just for the added frisson): "fresh herb and wintergreen salad with olive-oil-poached grape tomato and shallot cracklings".
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com