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A full factorial design was used to investigate the effects of varying plate thickness, boundary conditions, punch diameter and nose shape.
A die set with a maximum possible deep drawing ratio β0,max = 3.0 for a punch diameter ∅ 100 mm has been designed and constructed.
The penetration energy varies with the diameter of the support span which is usually higher than the punch diameter, and also with the thickness of the composite laminate.
The penetration energy varies with the diameter of the support span which can be equal or higher than the punch diameter.
While the measured penetration pressure for both composite types increased with decreasing punch diameter, the pressure was significantly higher for the cross-ply composites and increased with decreasing ply thickness.
Three punch attributes (punch diameter, location and shape) and five product attributes (tablet mass (gm), hardness (Kp), thickness (mm), moisture content (percent loss on drying (LOD %)) and sieve size (mm)) have been investigated in terms of their relative contributions towards different failure types.
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These models account for the competition between deformation and fracture of the plies and accurately predict the measured steady-state penetration pressures over the wide range of punch diameters and ply thicknesses investigated here.
All punch diameters were 0.8 mm (corresponding to an spot area of 0.79 mm).
At four different locations in the colonies hole punches (diameter of 2 mm) were taken and extracted with 300 μL of nBuOH for 4 h.
TMAs contained two representative areas of hepatocellular carcinoma of each patient or normal liver (punch cylinder diameter: 0.6 mm).
The previously frozen samples were allowed to warm slightly and a cylindrical core was obtained using a cooled (-20°C) stainless steel tissue punch (inner diameter 4 mm) attached to a micrometer [ 1].
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