When lysosomal fusion is blocked by treatment with bafilomycin A1 (BafA1), a lysosomal proton pump inhibitor, turnover of vesicles in the lysosome is inhibited.
Why?A study by Mercer Oliver Wyman, a consultant, and Morgan Stanley, an investment bank, suggests that all these changes are down to an increase in automated equity trading, which attracts less brokerage commission but pumps up turnover on exchanges.
At saturating [Ca2+]i levels, its mean maximal Ca2+ extrusion rate, Vmax, is about 10 to 15 mmol(340 g Hb −1h−1, whereas the normal mean pump-leak Ca2+ turnover is only about 50 μmol(340 g Hb −1h−1.
The maximum pumping velocity (Vmax) is the product of the turnover rate and the pump density and was defined per unit area in the model.
Most pool pumps have the ability to turnover the water much faster than this which is why some people prefer to use two speed pumps. 2 speed pumps are effective at meeting minimum turnover values while using as little electricity as possible.
Restoration of acid secretion after treatment with covalently-bound proton pump inhibitors may depend on protein turnover and on reversal of inhibition by reducing agents such as glutathione.
Thus, it is possible that reduction in Ca2+cyt during NKA blockade points to restrained operation of NCX in the reverse mode at room temperature, while PMCA activity would remain grossly uninterrupted, as one could expect from difference in turnover rates between the pump and the transporter; PMCA turnover rate is 30 250/s, while that of NCX is 2000 5000/s (Blaustein and Lederer, 1999).
Rb+-uptake correlates with K+-uptake, thus reflecting the turnover rate of the pump.
Three years ago Wonga, pumping out profits of £62m on turnover of just £309m, proclaimed its borrowers were "young, single, employed, digitally savvy and can pay us back on time".
To the contrary, it could pump money into the economy and reduce turnover in low-wage positions, the researchers found.
PMCA pumps have a KM of 0.2 µM [53] and a turnover rate of 100 per second while NCX pumps have a KM of 3 µM but a turnover rate 10 times higher than that of the ATP-driven pumps [54], or 1,000 per second.
