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Local government and health centre staff had opposed the pump scheme because it was too expensive to build and maintain, especially since the national water utility has since extended piped water to the health centre.
Forward, backward and bi-directional pump scheme have been investigated using the proposed calculation procedure.
The pump scheme, which enabled efficient mode matching and high gain, was analysed and experimentally verified for different dopant levels.
The vacuum pump scheme achieved best efficiencies at isothermal conditions, and at non-isothermal conditions heat recovery was less essential.
The pump scheme utilises the relatively large intracavity Stokes field that is generated within a Raman fibre laser to excite a lanthanide ion that is doped within the core of the fibre providing the Raman gain.
In order to illustrate the general characteristics of the pump method and, to establish the design parameters necessary for the realisation of the pump scheme, calculations from a theoretical model that is used to simulate the generation of laser output from a fibre laser that is resonantly pumped with first Stokes radiation is presented.
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The use of oxygen scavengers combined with sweep gas and vacuum pump schemes further increased the system efficiency.
Corner-pumping is a new pumping scheme in diode-pumped all-solid-state lasers, having such advantages as high pump efficiency, favorable pump uniformity and low cost.
Such a scheme substantially differs from configurations that are typically used in rare-earth-doped fiber lasers, such as the end-pump scheme and the more recently distributed side-coupled cladding-pumping scheme, which has been designed to avoid the high temperature rise occurring at the terminations of end-pumped, high-power fiber lasers.
Then, over the next several days, it ran a series of articles exposing an apparent "dump-and-pump" scheme at the Post, a "frantic, desperate effort" to boost circulation through bulk sales.
A third kind of pumping scheme also possible in lasers is known as up-conversion lasers.
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