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Such a modeling process separates the primary question – 'was the change temporary or permanent' – from the secondary question: 'what was the precise shape of the identified short or long term change?' The test of the step or pulse term is used to answer the first question and the transfer functions are used to answer the second question.
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In the following experiments, we quantified changes in dAP propagation by measuring their amplitudes and latencies (Fig. 2C) after the downswing of a biphasic stimulus pulse, termed a "probe".
What we know about the world around us is represented in the nervous system by sequences of discrete electrical pulses termed action potentials or "spikes" [1].
Pharyngeal electromyographic responses after single TMS pulses, termed as pharyngeal motor evoked potentials (PMEPs), were recorded via a 3.2 mm diameter intraluminal catheter (Gaeltec Ltd ,Isle of Skye), with a built-in pair of bipolar platinum ring electrodes.
"Just to kind of keep my finger on the pulse in terms of where they are in negotiations," he said.
AKA managers "have their fingers on the pulse in terms of what is important to their residents," said Elana Friedman, vice president of global marketing at AKA. "Some programs trickle up to the brand and others trickle down".
They describe the the concentration of the nutrients in the two lakes at a pulse in terms of values at the previous pulse.
where 0 < r < 1, b > 0, p > 0, 0 < q < 1. System (1.1) describes the numbers of immature population and mature population at a pulse in terms of values at the previous pulse.
The shock spectrum based damage boundary curve specifies the response of a specimen (fragility), to a given shock pulse, in terms of its velocity change, mean acceleration, pulse duration and shape.
Results demonstrate that the proposed FrFT waveform presents performance close to a LFM pulse in terms of probability of detection and probability of false alarm, in exchange for slightly worse range and Doppler resolution.
The measured local pressure pulses have been used in the theoretical simulations of the bubble dynamics equations to check the type of cavitation taking place locally and also estimate the possible collapse pressure pulse in terms of maximum bubble size reached during the cavitation phenomena.
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