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The negative pulse command transfer is realized by switching the open and close of the current limiting valve.
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Cell surface was estimated by integrating the capacitive current evoked by a −10-mV pulse commanded just after obtaining the whole-cell configuration.
A method of using the frequency of efferent nerve pulses as command inputs is also described.
The EMG predictions (described above) were further scaled and thresholded to produce the corresponding stimulus pulse-width commands.
Command pulse generation, data acquisition and analysis were performed using IGOR Pro (Wavemetrics).
The onset response was not detectable for -dVm*/dt at the end of the command pulse (see Fig. 2A), showing a rectification in |ΔZRF| quite distinct from dVm*/dt driven linear capacitive transients (present in Fig. 2B).
Clampex software (Axon Instruments) was used for data acquisition and for synchronization of voltage command pulses and fluorescence excitation.
The experiment was performed on B31/B32 neurons in situ in response to 3 sec command pulses ranging from −90 to −10 mV.
External solution contained (in mM): NaCl 150, KCl 4, CaCl2 2, MgCl2 1, Glucose 5, and HEPES 5. Clampex software (Axon Instruments) was used to synchronize application of voltage command pulses and fluorescence excitation.
In brief, depolarizing command pulses of variable duration (from 500 to 5 ms at 0.3 Hz) were progressively increased in amplitude from the holding potential (H) of −90 mV until a visible fiber contraction.
The current wave forms, when various intensities of 100 µs negative and 100 µs positive square command pulses were applied to the stimulus electrode in saline, are shown in Figure S1.
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