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His larger point, and the meaning of the title "American Normal," is that Asperger syndrome may be less a disorder than a societal and psychiatric construct -- a condition that he concedes is real, but one whose diagnostic criteria are "so complicated and so contradictory and so blurred around the edges as to sometimes stretch credulity".
For example, a prevalence study will typically require selecting a Western psychiatric construct then performing validation against a clinical diagnosis.
After determining whether the study is going to assess a local construct, Western psychiatric construct, or cross-culturally salient construct, the constituent elements of the category need to be determined.
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Western psychiatric constructs may have utility or even possibly universality.
Types of constructs to be measured can be divided into three categories: local constructs, Western psychiatric constructs, and cross-cultural constructs.
Cross-cultural constructs differ from pure Western psychiatric constructs in that the former assume there is a shared meaning across cultures.
The heavy reliance on western psychiatric constructs risks inappropriately privileging western understandings of mental disorders that are familiar to western practitioners but lack meaning to those from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds where local understandings are more relevant [ 63].
Alternatively, researchers may be more interested in looking for the manifestation of Western psychiatric constructs such as PTSD or depression [ 21] regardless of whether it is meaningful, significant, or associated with distress as recognized by the local group.
Our concern is that often Western psychiatric constructs are uncritically and inflexibly applied in humanitarian emergencies through simple translation of English-language scales without taking time to understand what both the individual items and the broader construct mean in a different cultural setting.
In the clinical psychiatric perspective, the construct of MIL was first introduced by the Austrian psychiatrist Viktor Frankl, who defined MIL as the manifestation of values which are based on (i) creativity, (ii) experience (e.g. nature, love), and (iii) attitude (one's attitude toward suffering and existential problems).
"If we could construct a psychiatric Frankenstein monster, we could not create a leader more dangerously mentally ill than Donald Trump, Gartnerr said during a February appearance on MSNBC.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com